Bagi kamu yang biasa menggunakan Mandrake, tentu sudah paham bahwa Mdk menyediakan sebuah command yang sangat memudahkan untuk administrasi package yaitu urpmi. Dimana bila kita menggunakan command rpm sendiri saja, maka ada kemungkinan kita akan direpotkan dengan message bahwa untuk install rpm ini, diperlukan dependency A, dan untuk install A tersebut, diperlukan dependency B, dstnya. Hal ini dinamakan ‘rpm hell’.
Tapi sekarang tidak lagi. Redhat, dalam hal ini Fedora Project menyediakan sebuah utility yang dinamakan yum (yellowdog update manager). Dengan menggunakan utility ini kita bisa menginstall package2 rpm tanpa harus repot memikirkan dependencynya.
Bagaimana cara menggunakannya? Sebelumnya perlu diketahui file2 configurasi yum, yaitu ada di:
/etc/yum/ <– berisi script untuk otomatis update per hari
/etc/yum.repos.d/ <– berisi daftar alamat tempat repository yang akan dicari yum
Secara default, FC4 menyediakan 3 buah kelompok repository, yaitu:
fedora.repo
fedora-updates.repo
fedora-extras.repo
Namun sebenarnya disediakan pula repo2 untuk package2 yang sedang dalam status dikembangkan, saat ini sedang dikembangkan untuk Fedora Core 5. Mungkin di Mandrake kita mengenal istilah: cooker.
Repo2 development tersebut adalah:
fedora-devel.repo
fedora-updates-testing.repo
fedora-extras-devel.repo
Untuk mulai menggunakan yum, syaratnya adalah kita mesti terkonek ke internet, dan tentu lebih baik lagi bila koneksi kita tersebut lumayan cepat. Ok, sebagai root, kita jalankan yum.
Untuk mengecek update2 yang ada:
[root@fc4 etc]# yum check-update
Setting up repositories
dries 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
livna 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
Reading repository metadata in from local files
HelixPlayer.i386 1:1.0.5-1.fc4.2 updates-released
ImageMagick.i386 6.2.2.0-3.fc4.0 updates-released
MyODBC.i386 2.50.39-25.FC4.1 updates-released
NetworkManager.i386 0.4-20.FC4.1 updates-released
NetworkManager-gnome.i386 0.4-20.FC4.1 updates-released
alsa-lib.i386 1.0.9rf-2.FC4 updates-released
Untuk mengupdate package tersebut cukup mengetik:
[root@fc4 etc]# yum update ImageMagick
Bagaimana untuk mencari suatu package? Misalkan kita ingin mencari synaptic:
[root@fc4 etc]# yum search synaptic
Maka akan muncul daftar2 package yang ada kata synapticnya, dan bila sudah ketemu, kita kemudian tinggal menginstallnya:
[root@fc4 etc]# yum install synaptic
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
–> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
—> Downloading header for synaptic to pack into transaction set.
synaptic-0.57.2-1.fc4.i38 100% |=========================| 27 kB 00:01
—> Package synaptic.i386 0:0.57.2-1.fc4 set to be updated
–> Running transaction check
–> Processing Dependency: libapt-pkg-libc6.3-6.so.2 for package: synaptic
–> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
–> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
—> Downloading header for apt to pack into transaction set.
apt-0.5.15cnc7-6.fc4.i386 100% |=========================| 41 kB 00:01
—> Package apt.i386 0:0.5.15cnc7-6.fc4 set to be updated
–> Running transaction check
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
synaptic i386 0.57.2-1.fc4 extras 1.6 M
Installing for dependencies:
apt i386 0.5.15cnc7-6.fc4 extras 898 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 2 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 2.5 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): synaptic-0.57.2-1. 100% |=========================| 1.6 MB 01:06
(2/2): apt-0.5.15cnc7-6.f 100% |=========================| 898 kB 00:34
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1ac70ce6
public key not available for synaptic-0.57.2-1.fc4.i386.rpm
Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-extras
Importing GPG key 0x1AC70CE6 "Fedora Pre Extras Release <pre-extras@fedoraproject.org>"
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Key imported successfully
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: apt ######################### [1/2]
Installing: synaptic ######################### [2/2]
Installed: synaptic.i386 0:0.57.2-1.fc4
Dependency Installed: apt.i386 0:0.5.15cnc7-6.fc4
Complete!
Nah, menarik dan mudah sekali bukan?
Nanti dulu, sebelum kita lebih bersemangat lagi, masih ada kejutan lainnya, yaitu: kita bisa menambahkan repository lainnya, yang mana tentunya menyediakan package2 lainnya yang tidak disediakan secara resmi oleh Fedora.
Repository lain yang yang saya pakai adalah: dries dan livna. Sebenarnya masih banyak repository lainnya seperti freshrpm dll, tapi saya dapat masukkan di milis sebaiknya tidak menggunakan repository tersebut karena tidak compatible dengan Fedora.
Untuk menambahkan repository, kamu create file livna.repo dan dries.repo di direktori /etc/yum.repos.d/
Isi file livna.repo:
[livna]
name=Livna for Fedora Core $releasever – $basearch – Base
baseurl=http://rpm.livna.org/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.lvn/
#baseurl=http://livna.cat.pdx.edu/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.lvn/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-livna
[livna-testing]
name=Livna for Fedora Core $releasever – $basearch – Testing
baseurl=http://rpm.livna.org/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.lvn-testing
#baseurl=http://livna.cat.pdx.edu/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.lvn-testing
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-livna
Isi file dari dries.repo:
[dries]
name=Extra Fedora rpms dries – $releasever – $basearch
baseurl=http://ftp.belnet.be/packages/dries.ulyssis.org/fedora/linux/$releasever/$basearch/dries/RPMS/
Dengan telah ditambahkannya repository livna dan dries itu, maka kini kita bisa menginstall package xine yang telah lengkap librarynya untuk memutar multimedia kesukaan kita.
[root@fc4 etc]# yum install xine
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
livna 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
Reading repository metadata in from local files
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 109 kB 00:08
livna : ################################################## 333/333
Added 333 new packages, deleted 0 old in 4.95 seconds
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
–> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
—> Downloading header for xine to pack into transaction set.
xine-0.99.4-0.lvn.1.4.i38 100% |=========================| 26 kB 00:01
—> Package xine.i386 0:0.99.4-0.lvn.1.4 set to be updated
–> Running transaction check
–> Processing Dependency: libaa.so.1 for package: xine
–> Processing Dependency: libxine.so.1 for package: xine
–> Processing Dependency: liblirc_client.so.0 for package: xine
–> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
–> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
—> Downloading header for lirc to pack into transaction set.
lirc-0.7.1-3.i386.rpm 100% |=========================| 26 kB 00:01
—> Package lirc.i386 0:0.7.1-3 set to be updated
—> Downloading header for xine-lib to pack into transaction set.
xine-lib-1.1.0-0.lvn.1.4. 100% |=========================| 36 kB 00:02
—> Package xine-lib.i386 0:1.1.0-0.lvn.1.4 set to be updated
—> Downloading header for aalib to pack into transaction set.
aalib-1.4.0-0.rc5.4.i386. 100% |=========================| 5.3 kB 00:00
—> Package aalib.i386 0:1.4.0-0.rc5.4 set to be updated
–> Running transaction check
–> Processing Dependency: libmodplug.so.0 for package: xine-lib
–> Processing Dependency: libiso9660.so.4 for package: xine-lib
–> Processing Dependency: libvcdinfo.so.0(VCDINFO_0) for package: xine-lib
–> Processing Dependency: libcdio.so.6(CDIO_6) for package: xine-lib
–> Processing Dependency: libdirectfb-0.9.so.22 for package: xine-lib
–> Processing Dependency: libcdio.so.6 for package: xine-lib
–> Processing Dependency: libvcdinfo.so.0 for package: xine-lib
–> Processing Dependency: libfusion-0.9.so.22 for package: xine-lib
–> Processing Dependency: libdirect-0.9.so.22 for package: xine-lib
–> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
–> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
—> Downloading header for directfb to pack into transaction set.
directfb-0.9.22-2.fc4.i38 100% |=========================| 19 kB 00:01
—> Package directfb.i386 0:0.9.22-2.fc4 set to be updated
—> Downloading header for libmodplug to pack into transaction set.
libmodplug-0.7-2.i386.rpm 100% |=========================| 2.9 kB 00:00
—> Package libmodplug.i386 1:0.7-2 set to be updated
—> Downloading header for libcdio to pack into transaction set.
libcdio-0.75-3.fc4.i386.r 100% |=========================| 6.8 kB 00:00
—> Package libcdio.i386 0:0.75-3.fc4 set to be updated
—> Downloading header for vcdimager to pack into transaction set.
vcdimager-0.7.21-0.lvn.2. 100% |=========================| 9.7 kB 00:00
—> Package vcdimager.i386 0:0.7.21-0.lvn.2.4 set to be updated
–> Running transaction check
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
xine i386 0.99.4-0.lvn.1.4 livna 1.5 M
Installing for dependencies:
aalib i386 1.4.0-0.rc5.4 extras 69 k
directfb i386 0.9.22-2.fc4 extras 1.9 M
libcdio i386 0.75-3.fc4 extras 235 k
libmodplug i386 1:0.7-2 extras 110 k
lirc i386 0.7.1-3 extras 331 k
vcdimager i386 0.7.21-0.lvn.2.4 livna 649 k
xine-lib i386 1.1.0-0.lvn.1.4 livna 4.4 M
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 8 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 9.1 M
Is this ok [y/N]:
Downloading Packages:
(1/8): xine-lib-1.1.0-0.l 100% |=========================| 4.4 MB 04:34
(2/8): directfb-0.9.22-2. 100% |=========================| 1.9 MB 02:34
(3/8): libmodplug-0.7-2.i 100% |=========================| 110 kB 00:08
(4/8): libcdio-0.75-3.fc4 100% |=========================| 235 kB 00:19
(5/8): vcdimager-0.7.21-0 100% |=========================| 649 kB 00:37
(6/8): lirc-0.7.1-3.i386. 100% |=========================| 331 kB 00:22
(7/8): xine-0.99.4-0.lvn. 100% |=========================| 1.5 MB 02:17
(8/8): aalib-1.4.0-0.rc5. 100% |=========================| 69 kB 00:08
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID a109b1ec
public key not available for xine-lib-1.1.0-0.lvn.1.4.i386.rpm
Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-livna
Importing GPG key 0xA109B1EC "Livna.org rpms <rpm-key@livna.org>"
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Key imported successfully
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: aalib ######################### [1/8]
Installing: libcdio ######################### [2/8]
Installing: vcdimager ######################### [3/8]
Installing: lirc ######################### [4/8]
Installing: libmodplug ######################### [5/8]
Installing: directfb ######################### [6/8]
Installing: xine-lib ######################### [7/8]
Installing: xine ######################### [8/8]
Installed: xine.i386 0:0.99.4-0.lvn.1.4
Dependency Installed: aalib.i386 0:1.4.0-0.rc5.4 directfb.i386 0:0.9.22-2.fc4 libcdio.i386 0:0.75-3.fc4 libmodplug.i386 1:0.7-2 lirc.i386 0:0.7.1-3 vcdimager.i386 0:0.7.21-0.lvn.2.4 xine-lib.i386 0:1.1.0-0.lvn.1.4
Complete!
Ok, semoga artikel ini bermanfaat. Selamat ber yum yum 🙂
v.1.0 by ari_stress a.k.a tiger74 a.k.a Fajar Priyanto
Jakarta, 30 Agustus 2005. fajarpri at arinet dot org
Penulis adalah Microsoft Certified Professional, yang jatuh cinta kepada Linux. Bekerja di sebuah group otomotif di Jakarta.